Event 3 Blog: Even Pricks by Ed Atkins

         For my third event, I viewed Ed Atkins' Even Pricks as part of the This is the End Exhibition at the Hammer Museum in Westwood. This exhibition runs through June 7 and actually featured three different films over its entire run at the Hammer. Atkins' contribution to the exhibition was interesting as it took seemingly random clips created by the artist and also pulled from pop culture to get his vision across. The meaning I took away from the piece was one of shattered romantic relationships and the sadness that comes along with them. The official Hammer Museum information on Even Pricks states that: "Atkins’s Even Pricks (2013) comprises a series of hyperpolished digitally rendered vignettes that relate the idea of depression—both physical and psychological—to the immaterial surfaces of images." (Hammer Museum, 2015)
         Even Pricks does take some thought in order to analyze as there is no clear storyline and random clips are pieced together. But by following what recurs, an idea of the meaning of the piece can be found. multiple times throughout the film, a bed is pictured for a few seconds before a hole full of flame appears in the middle of it. There is also repeated image of a thumb rotating between being up and down, but usually settling in the down position, giving off the idea that things are not right and someone is unhappy. I'm sure I could have watched Even Pricks all day and had a different interpretation of what was happening with every viewing.

Figure 1: The recurring thumb presented in the fixed down position

Figure 2: The thumb in the up position but rotating

Figure 3: The thumb in the down position but rotating

Figure 4: The recurring bed with a hole in the middle of it

Figure 5: A hole much like the one that appears in the bed

            I enjoyed the artist's use of pop culture throughout the film that tied the piece to the real world instead of being completely surreal. At several points, the artist inserted classic pieces of music including "Sultans of Swing" by Dire Straits at one point. One of the clips used was even from "Man of Steel," a Superman movie released in 2013.

Figure 6: Screenshot of "Man of Steel" clip

            I think Even Pricks ties into this class's course material mainly through its use of modern video editing and animation technology to create surreal images that cannot be acted out in the real world. No one would have been able to showcase their ideas in the way Atkins' film did without modern computing power and animation capabilities.

Figure 7: Proof of my attendance at the event

Works Cited

Atkins, Ed. "Even Pricks as part of This is the End" Exhibition. Hammer Museum, Los Angeles. 6 June 2015. Exhibition.

"Hammer Projects: This Is the End." The Hammer Museum. Web. 6 June 2015.

Event 2 Blog: Making Strange by Vivan Sundaram

            For my second event I went to the Making Strange Exhibition by Vivan Sundaram shown at the Fowler Museum at UCLA. This exhibition was actually a combination of two shows, Gagawaka and Postmortem. Gagawaka displayed garments produced by Sundaram made out of recycled trash. More applicable to the subject material of this class was Postmortem, which showcased old medical teaching supplies manipulated and sometimes combined with mannequins to showcase the artist's vision.

            Gagawaka takes on the human form and juxtaposes it against trash, what many people think of as dead and the opposite of the life represented by humans. Several examples from the exhibition follow:

Figure 1: Shoeskin Hoop, a dress made completely out of discarded shoetops

Figure 2: Dervish, an outfit made of men's silk ties

Figure 3: J S Lingerie, made out of jock straps

            Postmortem is almost the exact opposite of Gagawaka as it goes to the inside of mannequins, normally an empty space but filled with medical teaching tools by Sundaram. Postmortem is the opposite of Gagwaka in terms of aesthetic beauty as it gets down to the literal bare bones of the human body and then contorts them in disturbing ways.

Figure 4: Coffin, mannequins in a glass coffin. Notice the arm attached to the pelvic region

Figure 5: Various instructional medical models structurally rearranged

Figure 6: Spine, 2. A piece showing a fiberglass mannequin split open to show the spine within

            The combination of these two shows in one exhibition is what made it particularly interesting. The fact that the ideas behind them both were so opposite made them sharing the same space intriguing. Yet the art and science implications behind the exhibition apply primarily to Postmortem. Postmortem reverts back to the basics of medicine, even giving an idea of what artistic representations of the human body may have looked like before extensive knowledge of it was known. Simple medical models being distorted into alternative forms shows a level of experimentation not typically shown in the field of medicine anymore.

Proof that I attended the exhibition

Works Cited

Sundaram, Vivan. "Making Strange." Exhibition. Fowler Museum at UCLA, Los Angeles. 5 June 2015. Exhibition.

Week 9 Blog: Space + Art

            Space is possibly the most inspiring subject for science and art to draw ideas from. An infinite space holds infinite possibilities making it very hard to rule out anything as impossible. This idea is what inspired the artists of the space age, as they envisioned the rockets and other gadgetry that could be possible with the rapid advancement of technology. Even though there have been many bad byproducts from the obsession with space, some truly amazing inventions and idea have come from it as well (Turysheva, 2013). And while the space age greatly influenced popular art, it also took hold in other disciplines such as architecture and automotive design (Ngo, 2011).

Figure 1: LAX Theme Building, one of the most iconic structures from the Space Age

Figure 2: Chrysler Turbine Car Concept, powered by a jet engine

            It is also interested how fantastical interpretations have accurately preceded what is actually thought to be possible in today's world. While the Jetsons flying cars are not quite a reality in today's world, George Jetsons' talking watch has been realized through smart watches like the Apple Watch which integrates Siri as a virtual personal assistant (CBS News, 2013).

Figure 3: Jetsons version of talking watch vs. Apple Watch of today

            In an even more remarkable prediction, Star Trek appears to have fairly accurately predicted the shape of a faster-than-light ship (Schmidt, 2014). Even though the rings around the ship are not included on the original USS Enterprise, the inner ship's shape is relatively similar to that of the Star Trek ship.

Figure 4: NASA rendering of faster-than-light spaceship

Figure 5: Star Trek USS Enterprise for comparison to NASA rendering

            Space appears to have brought out some of the best art and science combinations that we have seen up until now. Scientists and artists alike continue to push boundaries when it comes to space, but so far no one has been able to touch the beauty of space itself as shown below (NASA.gov, 2015).

Figure 6: Pillars of Creation as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope

Works Cited

"Hubble Goes High-Definition to Revisit Iconic 'Pillars of Creation'" NASA. NASA, 5 Jan. 2015. Web. 27 May 2015. <http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubble-goes-high-definition-to-revisit-iconic-pillars-of-creation>.

Ngo, Denise. "Archive Gallery: How the Space Age Influenced Design." Popular Science. 3 June 2011. Web. 27 May 2015. <http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2011-06/archive-gallery-how-space-age-influenced-design?image=4>.

Schmidt, Caitlin. "NASA Physicist Imagines a Warp-speed Starship - CNN.com." CNN. Cable News Network, 12 June 2014. Web. 27 May 2015.< http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/12/tech/innovation/warp-speed-spaceship/>.

"The "retro-future" of "The Jetsons"" CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 29 Apr. 2013. Web. 27 May 2015.< http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-retro-future-of-the-jetsons/>.

Turysheva, Ekaterina. "Five Ideas That Anticipated the Space Age | Russia Beyond The Headlines." Five Ideas That Anticipated the Space Age | Russia Beyond The Headlines. 30 Sept. 2013. Web. 27 May 2015. <http://rbth.com/science_and_tech/2013/09/30/five_ideas_that_anticipated_the_space_age_30361.html>.

Week 8 Blog: Nanotech + Art

            Nanotechnology is a scientific that goes largely unnoticed in the modern world yet, as the lecture material shows, has a significant impact on our everyday lives. Nanotech is a science dealing with structures on a scale only slightly larger than that of atoms, making it invisible unless one has access to highly sophisticated technology. But the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in the 1980's has led to the creation of art on the nano-scale.

            Nanotechnology and art complement each other based on the idea that nanotechnology can be used to create art while at the same time art can make nanotechnology easier to conceptualize and understand. Cris Orfescu appears to be one of the leading artists in the field of nanotechnology (Feder, 2008). Orfescu is an artist with a background in materials science who also happens to have a passion for abstract art. He has done much to advance the NanoArt field since his jump into the field in 1989 (nanotech-now.com, 2015).

Figure 1: "Power" by Cris Orfescu using Graphite nanoparticles.

            The use of art to conceptualize nanotechnology is the other side of the relationship between the two subjects. Art has traditionally been used to create images of potential objects and shapes that can't be physically seen using existing technology. This is how nanostructures were originally visualized and existing architecture even contributed to the field in the case of the "buckeyball" structure of pure carbon (Fernandez et al., 2007). In his proposal for nanomachines, Eric Drexler used schematic diagrams to illustrate his otherwise invisible proposition (Baum, 2003).

Figure 2: Nanotech gear as envisioned by Eric Drexler

            While Dr. Gimzewski asserted that nanotechnology has nearly boundless potential and is at work in our lives constantly through at least 1,000 commercial products, I question if this technology is actually scalable. There has been much talk about the potential for nanotechnology but not much has arisen in terms of practical applications (Koshy, 2013). While hydrophobic glass has been used widely and some other applications have made it to market, I think the application that cements nanotechnology as truly revolutionary and remarkable has yet to be found. I still have hope that this discovery will be made and have full faith that it will be used responsibly and potentially revolutionize our world.  

Figure 3: Hydrophobic glass enabled by nanotechnology

Works Cited

Baum, Rudy. "C&EN: COVER STORY - NANOTECHNOLOGY." Chemical and Engineering News. Web. 25 May 2015.< http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8148/8148counterpoint.html>.

"Cris Orfescu." Nanotechnology Art Gallery. Nanotechnology Now. Web. 25 May 2015. <http://www.nanotech-now.com/Art_Gallery/Cris-Orfescu.htm>.

Feder, Barnaby. "The Art of Nanotech." Bits The Art of Nanotech Comments. New York Times, 25 Jan. 2008. Web. 25 May 2015. <http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/25/the-art-of-nanotech/>.

Koshy, Jacob. "Nanotech Research Speeds Up, but Applications Fail to Materialize." Http://www.livemint.com/. 22 Apr. 2013. Web. 25 May 2015. <http://www.livemint.com/Specials/j8UZSy0iiA8kRpgtjwxioM/Research-speeds-up-but-applications-fail-to-materialize.html>.

Maclovio Fernandez, Martha Farnsworth, Luca Sabbatini, Buckyballs: Their history and discovery. OpenStax CNX. Feb 20, 2007 http://cnx.org/contents/4a177b0e-1228-41d4-9d62-d4f0a9a3f335@1.

Event 1: Infinity Structures: Paradoxical Spaces by Robert Gero

            For my first event, I attended the opening of Robert Gero's exhibition on Infinity Structures on May 21, 2015. This exhibition was particularly interesting with regards to the subject of mathematics and art since the theory behind the piece involved "structures whose internal dimensions exceeded its external ones." (Gero, 2015) I found this idea fascinating in that it is basically impossible for humans to visualize anything beyond the three dimensions we currently live in. I thought Mr. Gero did a good job of trying to explain his thought behind representing other dimensions in the video below.

Robert Gero explains his representation of dimensions beyond the 3rd

            The idea behind this piece seems very counter-intuitive yet somehow possible. An infinity structure is a structure with a stable outside that does not expand yet has an infinite number of dimensions and space inside. In the piece this is achieved by combining sound, static objects, and moving objects accomplished through the projection of video. I loved the idea of this exhibition and think that it may well be true that the next thinkg to be unlocked to advance art is the representation of further dimensions.

            As a piece of artwork I found this exhibition particularly interesting in that a central idea behind it was the idea that the experience of the piece was different depending on the position/perspective of the viewer within in the room. This is illustrated by the 2 different videos shown below looking at the same place in the piece, but from different points in the room.

 View one of a certain point

       View two of the same point

          A unique feature of the piece that I thought was particularly well done for how last-minute Mr. Gero made it seem was the pillows added throughout the exhibition. The way the artist described it, he typically adds elements from the area his pieces are exhibited in and these pillows just happened to be in a back room. I think the darker pillows contrasting with the white space and styrofoam elements creates points of reference throughout the room so that a viewer can constantly compare his/her point of view within the piece.

 Ordinary pillow used in the exhibition

Verification of my attendance at the exhibition

Works Cited

Gero, Robert. "Infinity Structures: Paradoxical Spaces by Robert Gero." Exhibition. UCLA Art|Sci Gallery 5th Floor, CNSI | California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles. 21 May 2015. Lecture.

Week 7: Neuroscience + Art

            Neuroscience is important with the study of art because while it shows how humans think and determine what is interesting and important, it also details how people interpret the world around them. The brain's importance was unknown until relatively recently and neuroscience is still one of the most interesting fields of research, with discoveries being made all the time. One that I find particularly intriguing is the apparent discovery of an "off switch" for consciousness, that could have huge implications for other areas of the brain (Connectome, 2014).

Figure 1: Simplification of a brain "off switch"

            I found the discussion of drugs like cocaine and LSD and how they affect their users to be very interesting this week. While it is beneficial to understand how these drugs were created and the research that has been done using them, my question after watching this week's lectures was how much do we know about how these drugs affect people's perception. Specifically, do these drugs change what appeals to them as "art" or are appealing characteristics permanently wired into our brains? Research has largely shown that LSD in particular is a drug that directly affects perception (Freeman, 2015).

Figure 2: Timothy Leary was one of the most influential psychedelic researchers

                The influence of LSD on perception is even more interesting when looking at the culture change that accompanied its arrival (Richards, 2013). Music experienced a significant shift in popular style and while there are other factors at play here, new drugs definitely played a part. Bands like the Grateful Dead arose and became some of the most famous artists of their time (Getty, 2014). The Beatles were even influenced by psychedelics, with rumors even flying that the song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" was about the bands many trips on LSD (Snopes, 2007). What would music be like today if not for the effect of these drugs and their role in the evolution of the musical landscape as we know it?

 Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds

Works Cited

Freeman, Shanna. "How LSD Works." HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks.com, 2015. Web. 18 May 2015.<http://science.howstuffworks.com/lsd3.htm>.

Getty, Michael. "The Grateful Dead's Bob Weir on Short-Shorts, LSD, and the." Vanity Fair. 28 Apr. 2014.Web. 18 May 2015. <http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/04/bob-weir-grateful-dead> .

Richards, Samantha. "The Influence of Drugs throughout Music in the 1960s: The Psychedelic Era." World Music. 2013. Web. 18 May 2015.     

<http://blogs.longwood.edu/worldmusicsm/2013/04/29/the-influence-of-drugs-throughout-      music-in-the-1960s-the-psychedelic-era/>.

"Snopes.com: Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds LSD." Snopes.com: Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds LSD.2007. Web. 18 May 2015. <http://www.snopes.com/music/hidden/lucysky.asp>.

"The Top 5 Neuroscience Breakthroughs of 2014." The Connectome RSS. 29 Dec. 2014. Web. 18 May 2015.< http://theconnecto.me/2014/12/the-top-5-neuroscience-breakthroughs-of-2014/>.

Week 6 Blog: Biotech + Art

            It is fairly easy to see why biotechnology as an art form can become controversial very quickly. Biotech deals with the building blocks that make humans what they are, and manipulating those building blocks into untested forms naturally makes people uneasy (Pasko, 2007). But what is hard to understand is why there is such disdain for art mixing with biotechnology even though it is basically the same thing that "scientists" are doing in labs, just with a different purpose.

            Eduardo Kac's GFP bunny Alba is a great example of this dichotomy in public opinion. Alba was created by scientists in a lab as an experiment with regards to the modifications of an animal's genes. But once the animal was put on display as a work of art, parts of the viewing public became upset and called the rabbit an atrocity. As a result, Alba was taken from Kac and placed in isolation in a laboratory over fears of what would happen if she reproduced (Rubinowitz, 2000).

Figure 1: Alba, Eduardo Kac's fluorescent bunny

            The case of Steve Kurtz is also a something that must be examined with respect to BioArt. Kurtz grew cultures of cells in his home as part of his artwork but once his wife died, the police discovered his cultures in his house. The FBI was called in and Kurtz was investigated for bioterrorism (Munster, 2005). If Kurtz had been in a secure lab, none of this would have happened to him. While there is no doubt that biological agents can be weaponized to great effect, the regulation of Kurtz seemed to be overkill. In contrast to this, when a strain of smallpox was mishandled in a CDC lab, there were reprimands but no criminal investigations into wrongdoing (McNeil, 2014). The divide between the two cultures of science and art is clearly seen in BioArt.

Figure 2: FBI agents raiding Steve Kurtz's home

            I think the most interesting and thought-provoking aspect of the mixing of biotechnology and art is that it creates the possibility of "living art" that can and will die and cease to exist at some point (Miranda, 2013). This also brings up the possibility that if someone is unhappy with a piece of art, they can in theory kill it. How society reacts to this act will provide a unique lens to examine our surroundings. Will this act be compared to book burning or shrugged off as not a big deal?

Figure 3: Victimless Leather, a living art piece that had to be killed because it grew too big

Works Cited

Mcneil, Donald. "C.D.C. Closes Anthrax and Flu Labs After Accidents." The New York Times. The New York Times, 11 July 2014. Web. 7 May 2015.        <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/12/science/cdc-closes-anthrax-and-flu-labs-after-  accidents.html>.

Miranda, Carolina. "Weird Science: Biotechnology as Art Form." ARTnews. 18 Mar. 2013.          Web. 7 May 2015. <http://www.artnews.com/2013/03/18/biotechnology-as-art-form/>.

Munster, Anna. "Why Is BioArt Not Terrorism?: Some Critical Nodes in the Networks of             Infomatice Life." Culture Machine. 2007. Web. 7 May 2015.             <http://www.culturemachine.net/index.php/cm/rt/printerFriendly/31/38>.

Pasko, Jessica. "Bio-artists Bridge Gap between Arts, Sciences." Msnbc.com. 4 Mar. 2007. Web. 7 May 2015. <http://www.nbcnews.com/id/17387568/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/bio-artists-bridge-gap-between-arts-sciences/#.VUqpsPnBzGc> .

Rubinowitz, Susan. "Glowing Rabbit Sparks Controversy." Glowing Rabbit Sparks Controversy.         23 Sept. 2000. Web. 7 May 2015. <http://www.ekac.org/petplace.html>.

Week 4: Medicine and Art

            As with all of the subjects covered so far, medicine has advanced from its original study and use in art. Artists originally studied the human anatomy in order to better represent people in their art. This eventually led to a better understanding of the human body and more advanced ways of treating illnesses. It would appear now that as medicine has advanced further, art is using medical techniques in order to make a statement like with Eduardo Kac and Orlan.

Figure 1: Performance artist Orlan

            Medicine has allowed for the use of one's body as a canvas for art, whether it be through plastic surgery or other forms of surgery and differentiation. Kevin Warwick has turned himself into a canvas through the implantation of a computer chip in his head that allows for him to control nearby appliances and even communicate with his wife (kevinwarwick.org, 2015). This is similar in nature to the addition of a third arm by Stelarc (stelarc.org, 2015). What is truly encouraging about these pieces of performance art is that they have led to advances in medicine and rehabilitation much like the initial study of the human body for art.

Figure 2: Performance artist Stelarc

            Our society puts a remarkable weight on the importance of medicine, as shown by its representation in popular art forms. For example, there are numerous drugs invented in movies that can cure essentially any illness and solve society's problems for us without putting in any of the necessary work. In the movie Lucy from 2014, the main character is injected with a drug that over the course of a couple days turns her into a superior being that bends time and space before consuming itself. Various other examples exist showing drugs giving people seemingly impossible powers or removing them from a harsh reality, like some drugs in today's world (unrealitymag.com, 2014).

Figure 3: Screenshot from Lucy

Works Cited

"Kevin Warwick - Home Page." Kevin Warwick - Home Page. Web. 26 Apr. 2015. <http://www.kevinwarwick.org/>.

"Stelarc // Third Hand." Stelarc // Third Hand. Web. 26 Apr. 2015. <http://stelarc.org/?catID=20265>.

"The Most Memorable Fictional Drugs in Movies and Television." Unreality Mag. 14 Jan. 2010. Web. 26 Apr. 2015. <http://unrealitymag.com/movies/fictional-drugs-in-movies-and-television/>.

Week 3 Blog: Art and Robotics

            The mechanization of the world around us began with the invention and subsequent wide use of the printing press in the 1400s. This has led to a mechanized world around us that Walter Benjamin asserts has jeopardized the spirit of art and ruined its authenticity (Benjamin, 1936). This opinion comes from 1936 and while I can understand Benjamin's point, I think that he has interpreted a change with no malicious intent as being a deadly threat to all art. It can only be imagined what Benjamin would think of the world we live in today, where a photo or reproduction of any work of art can be reached with a click. A modern interpretation of Benjamin's thoughts shows that while Benjamin argued that a work's aura is diminished by its reproduction and widespread viewing, this is not the case (Peim, 2007). More accessibility to art enhances its cultural value in a world where there are many other distractions for people in society.

Figure 1: Digital Representation of Van Gogh artwork

            Another effect of mechanization is the development of intelligent robots. Artificial intelligence has been hailed as the next step forward for progress of human society as well as the doom of the human race. It appears that the overwhelming opinion of the human race is that artificial intelligence is a bad thing. Noted technology entrepreneur Elon Musk has recently said that AI is the largest threat to human existence that the planet currently faces (Gibbs, 2014). Popular culture seems to agree with this opinion, with the most obvious example being the "Terminator" movies. It follows then that through this expression of art, the general population will follow this idea of AI as a threat.

Figure 2: Malicious robots depicted in "Terminator" films

            There are groups of people who argue that artificial intelligence will never reach the point of being able to think for itself and act maliciously towards the human race (Winfield, 2014). Whatever the thoughts, artificial intelligence development is continuing with the hope of possibly creating care robots or some other beneficial tools (Vincent, 2014). We can only wait and see how the development of robots continues and what effect it continues to have on society.

Figure 3: Care robot Baymax as depicted in "Big Hero 6"

Works Cited

Benjamin, Walter. "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction." (1936). Print.

Gibbs, Samuel. "Elon Musk: Artificial Intelligence Is Our Biggest Existential Threat." The Guardian 27 Oct. 2014. Web. 17 Apr. 2015. <http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat>.

Peim, N. (2007), Walter Benjamin in the Age of Digital Reproduction: Aura in Education: A Rereading of ‘The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 41: 363–380.

Vincent, James. "Japanese 'robot with a Heart' Will Care for the Elderly and Children." The Independent 5 June 2014. Web. 17 Apr. 2015. <http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/japanese-robot-with-a-heart-will-care-for-the-elderly-and-children-9491819.html>.

Winfield, Alan. "Artificial Intelligence Will Not Turn into a Frankenstein's Monster." The Guardian 9 Aug. 2014. Web. 17 Apr. 2015. <http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/aug/10/artificial-intelligence-will-not-become-a-frankensteins-monster-ian-winfield

Week 2 Blog

The intersection of math and art is an example of what can happen when the two cultures of art and science are allowed to interact with one another. From the golden ratio to the discovery of the vanishing point, math has affected art to a great degree throughout the ages. In particular it seems as if the golden ratio has had the most wide ranging effect on art. It was used to proportion the pyramids of Egypt, design the Parthenon, and then used in art like the Vitruvian Man and the Mona Lisa.

Figure 1: Vitruvian Man showing the use of the Golden Ratio

The use of mathematics in art led to artwork becoming more realistic, as better ideas of perspective were introduced into art. The idea of the vanishing point added depth to artwork that hadn’t been seen before. It is interesting to learn that mathematics led to realism in art, since mathematics today seems to give more of an artificial perspective. What I mean by this is that math is used in computer programs to create fantastical illustrations for movies or even for other live art.

Figure 2: A drawing illustrating the idea of the vanishing point

An example of this use of math for more artificial feeling art can be seen in the work of Nathan Selikoff. After looking through the other artists provided in this week’s resources, Selikoff’s is the most “unnatural” to me. He uses computer code to create moving art that can also be interactive with its observers. This is probably the least traditional art that I personally have seen yet it is still appealing to me. I think that it is very interesting that math is still being used to innovate new forms of art.

Figure 3: Screenshot of interactive art created by Nathan Selikoff

Citations

Frantz, Marc. "Lesson 3: Vanishing Points and Looking at Art." 1 Jan. 2000. Web. 9 Apr. 2015. <http://www.cs.ucf.edu/courses/cap6938-02/refs/VanishingPoints.pdf>.

Ida, Takashi. "“Vitruvian Man” by Leonardo Da Vinci and the Golden Ratio." “Vitruvian Man”    by Leonardo Da Vinci and the Golden Ratio. Web. 9 Apr. 2015. <http://www.crl.nitech.ac.jp/~ida/education/VitruvianMan/>.

"Module 4." L4: Learn. Web. 9 Apr. 2015. <http://gid70.rageyart.com/Lesson04/L04_learn.html>.

Selikoff, Nathan. "Nathan Selikoff | Fine Artist Playing with Interactivity, Math, Code." Nathan Selikoff. Web. 9 Apr. 2015. <http://nathanselikoff.com/>.